3/1/2023 0 Comments 3d clock drawing![]() The copy condition is good for assessing parietal lobe lesions this region is responsible for stimuli recognition and for the recall of forms and structures. This modality requires less use of language and memory functions but requires greater reliance on visual-spatial and perceptual processes. In the second modality ( copy condition), the subject is given a printed clock, with the hands reading a certain time, and he is asked to replicate the drawing sideways, as accurately as possible. The test is highly sensitive for temporal lobe dysfunction (due to its heavy involvement in both memory and language processes), and frontal lobe dysfunction (due to its mediation of executive planning). The CDT command condition investigates the subject’s language function (verbal comprehension) memory functions (recall of a visual engram, short-term storage, recall of time setting instructions), and executive function. It is also possible to give the subject a predrawn circle, in order to avoid that a badly drawn circle, or a too small one, influences the rest of the drawing. A well-drawn clock is supposed to have the circle, numbers from 1 to 12 in the correct order and position inside the circle, and the hands on the correct time. In the first one ( command condition), the subject is asked to draw a clock with the clock hands indicating a particular time (ten minutes past eleven). The CDT can be administered in two modalities: verbal command ( command condition) and copying ( copy condition). The test is easily administrable, requires little time, and shows a good sensitivity in measuring the cognitive functions in the elderly. ![]() The Clock Drawing Test (CDT) is a qualitative neurological drawing test commonly used as a screening instrument for cognitive capabilities in the senile population and to evaluate the functional capabilities in the elderly. In the cognitive deficits, the presence of different typologies of dementia (Alzheimer’s disease AD, Mild Cognitive Impairment MCI, and Parkinson’s disease dementia PDD) can be found. Through the analysis of both the graphic gesture and the drawing contents, it is therefore possible to obtain a report of the subject’s psicophisical health. Simple drawing tests are commonly used for the clinical evaluation of cognitive capabilities, especially in the elderly, in order to assess the presence of dementia and to estimate its extent. ![]() Writing and drawing are the final output of a complex neurological, psychological, and motor action and can therefore be used to investigate both the movement capabilities and the cognitive functions of the subjects. This paper suggests the applicability of this protocol to other fields of motor and cognitive valuation, as well as the introduction of new parameters related to the graphic movement. The experimental set-up revealed to be valid introducing new objective measurements beside the subjective Clock Drawing Test. The new protocol hereby described aims to define a parameter related to the movement kinematics in the Clock Drawing test execution. Healthy subjects, subjects with Parkinson's Disease and subjects with Parkinson's Disease and Dementia were evaluated by the Mini Mental Scale Evaluation and by a new approach to the Clock Drawing Test, based on an optoelectronic acquisition. The realization of an experimental set-up for the quantitative and objective description of drawing using optoelectronic systems, which could be used when a quantification of the realization of specific drawing tests is required. ![]()
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